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士鋒生物植物GTP酶循環(huán)運(yùn)輸受體結(jié)構(gòu)
點(diǎn)擊次數(shù):668 發(fā)布時(shí)間:2014-2-6
植物細(xì)胞有其*的進(jìn)行光合作用的細(xì)胞器官——葉綠體。上圖是葉綠體結(jié)構(gòu)的示意圖,葉綠體內(nèi)部堆積的類囊體是光合作用的場所。葉綠體中大部分的蛋白質(zhì)在細(xì)胞核中編碼,因此葉綠體的生物合成與功能依賴于蛋白質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。蛋白質(zhì)跨過外層葉綠體膜的轉(zhuǎn)移依靠易位子復(fù)合物(Toc)的活性,該活性涉及到一些GTP酶組分的參與,如Toc34。4月8日《結(jié)構(gòu)》(Structure)雜志封面背景的“緞帶”,即為豌豆(前景)中Toc34二聚體的晶體三維結(jié)構(gòu)。
蛋白質(zhì)前體跨越葉綠體膜的轉(zhuǎn)移過程涉及位于葉綠體外層GTP酶33、34和159號(hào)易位子復(fù)合物(Toc33/34,Toc159)。而較小的GTP酶33/34易位子復(fù)合物往往趨于形成同源二聚體,這種作用的機(jī)制目前還不清楚。就這個(gè)問題,Koeni等人研究了豌豆Toc34擬南芥Toc33二聚體和的晶體結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)易位子復(fù)合物二聚化處于獨(dú)立的核苷酸負(fù)荷狀態(tài)。二聚體中一個(gè)精氨酸殘基的位置類似于GAP精氨酸。然而,由二聚體活化GAP酶的現(xiàn)象是很少見的,而且其活化位點(diǎn)不能解釋催化過程,這就意味著同型二聚體需要有類似共GAP(coGAP)的另外一個(gè)因素。二聚體中催化中心的入口和一種不尋常的開關(guān)運(yùn)動(dòng)支持了這一猜想,即易位子復(fù)合物之間的相互作用或蛋白質(zhì)前體的潛在結(jié)合位點(diǎn)都是由這種二聚體的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)決定的。(科學(xué)網(wǎng) 武彥文/編譯)
The GTPase Cycle of the Chloroplast Import Receptors Toc33/Toc34: Implications from Monomeric and Dimeric Structures
Patrick Koenig,1 Mislav Oreb,2,4 Anja Höfle,2,4 SABIne Kaltofen,3 Karsten Rippe,3 Irmgard Sinning,1 Enrico Schleiff,2,4 and Ivo Tews1,Structure植物GTP酶循環(huán)運(yùn)輸受體結(jié)構(gòu)
Summary
Transport of precursor proteins across chloroplast membranes involves the GTPases Toc33/34 and Toc159 at the outer chloroplast envelope. The small GTPase Toc33/34 can homodimerize, but the regulation of this interaction has remained elusive. We show that dimerization is independent of nucleotide loading state, based on crystal structures of dimeric Pisum sativum Toc34 and monomeric Arabidopsis thaliana Toc33. An arginine residue is—in the dimer—positioned to resemble a GAP arginine finger. However, GTPase activation by dimerization is sparse and active site features do not explain catalysis, suggesting that the homodimer requires an additional factor as coGAP. Access to the catalytic center and an unusual switch I movement in the dimeric structure support this finding. Potential binding sites for interactions within the Toc translocon or with precursor proteins can be derived from the structures.