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[供應(yīng)]國內(nèi)高壓漏電起痕試驗(yàn)儀
產(chǎn)地:北京市海淀區(qū)
更新時(shí)間:2024-09-27 21:00:07
有效期:2024年9月27日 -- 2025年3月27日
已獲點(diǎn)擊:2027
北京北廣精儀儀器設(shè)備有限公司
關(guān)于漏電起痕試驗(yàn)和耐漏電起痕指數(shù)的確定
1 引言
耐漏電起痕指數(shù)PTI是固體絕緣材料特性的一項(xiàng)重要技術(shù)指標(biāo)。該指數(shù)可以用于材料質(zhì)量控制、材料合格標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以及材料特性檢驗(yàn)、不同材料特性比較等用途;但不能作為電子類產(chǎn)品漏電程度的依據(jù)。耐漏電起痕指數(shù)是通過漏電起痕試驗(yàn)確定,當(dāng)電壓施加到放在試樣表面上電極裝置之間,電解液以規(guī)定的時(shí)間間隔滴到兩極之間時(shí),能導(dǎo)致漏電痕跡的形成;引起材料破壞所必須的液滴數(shù)隨著施加電壓的降低而增加,當(dāng)?shù)陀谀骋粩?shù)值時(shí),不形成漏電痕跡,這個(gè)過程為漏電起痕試驗(yàn)。如果設(shè)備構(gòu)件在潮濕條件下使用較低耐漏電起痕指數(shù)的絕緣材料,則電氣設(shè)計(jì)者應(yīng)更加注意爬電距離和電氣間隙的安全問題。
漏電起痕試驗(yàn)是在BDH型漏電起痕試驗(yàn)儀上進(jìn)行,儀器結(jié)構(gòu)圖1所示。
左右移動(dòng)重物塊,使每個(gè)電極在天平上的作用力的等效質(zhì)量在 96.94—107.14g范圍內(nèi)。
試驗(yàn)中電極與試樣表面應(yīng)保持在同一水平面,避免局部接觸。否則會(huì)導(dǎo)致電極間的電場(chǎng)不均勻, 強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)地方容易擊毀絕緣出現(xiàn)電蝕損現(xiàn)象。建議采用調(diào)節(jié)式顯微鏡檢查樣品被測(cè)表面積的合適度。圖3為電極放在試樣表面上的情況。
2.2 樣品表面的處理
GB4207-84第3.1條規(guī)定:試樣表面應(yīng)清潔,沒有灰塵、贓物、指印、油脂、脫膜劑或其他可能影響試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的雜質(zhì)。清潔試樣時(shí)應(yīng)防止引起材料溶脹、軟化、腐蝕或其他損傷。清潔方法有蒸餾水法、干棉球法、橡膠球吹氣法和無水乙醇清洗法等。實(shí)際操作時(shí)應(yīng)注意:蒸餾水不易揮發(fā),在自然干燥過程中可能吸附空氣中的灰塵或雜質(zhì),用水過度可能導(dǎo)致材料膨脹變形;用干棉球擦拭試樣表面會(huì)留有細(xì)小的棉絲,而且很難清除指印和油脂;橡膠球吹氣法對(duì)清除試樣表面浮塵非常有效;無水乙醇是一種較理想的清潔劑,它能去汗去油去雜質(zhì),易揮發(fā)*跡。在處理樣品時(shí)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選用清洗方法,為確保試驗(yàn)樣品的清潔,操作時(shí)應(yīng)帶手套,避免在試樣上留下汗印及雜質(zhì)。 2.3 NH4Cl溶液的配置
NH4Cl溶液的濃度直接影響試驗(yàn)的測(cè)試結(jié)果。
電解液的濃度越高,電極間形成的導(dǎo)電通路的時(shí)間越長,作用在樣品表面電場(chǎng)的時(shí)間也越長,從而使試驗(yàn)偏嚴(yán),測(cè)得樣品的耐漏電起痕指數(shù)PTI值偏??;反之電解液的濃度越低,電極間形成的導(dǎo)電通路的時(shí)間越短,作用在樣品的表面電場(chǎng)的時(shí)間也越短,因而使試驗(yàn)偏松,測(cè)得樣品的耐漏電起痕指數(shù)PTI值偏大,所以要嚴(yán)格按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配制電解液。A類溶液23±1℃的電阻率395±5Ωcm,B類溶液170±5Ωcm。通常使用A類溶液,如果需要做更強(qiáng)的侵蝕性試驗(yàn),可選擇B類溶液,并且檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告中PTI值后面加字母“M”表述。
此外,NH4Cl溶液容易吸潮,即使放在密封玻璃瓶?jī)?nèi)保存時(shí)間過長,溶液濃度也會(huì)發(fā)生變化。為確保試驗(yàn)準(zhǔn)確性,應(yīng)做到每次試驗(yàn)前對(duì)溶液濃度進(jìn)行測(cè)定。電導(dǎo)率儀是用來測(cè)量溶液濃度的儀器,它的電極常數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)使用頻度要求,定期進(jìn)行常數(shù)校準(zhǔn)。 2.4 NH4Cl溶液用量的校準(zhǔn)
試驗(yàn)中溶液用量的控制是整個(gè)試驗(yàn)的重要環(huán)節(jié),它包括溶液的滴定量和滴定速度兩個(gè)方面。溶液滴定量的大小決定電極間導(dǎo)電通路的時(shí)間長短, 溶液滴定量大,形成導(dǎo)電通路的時(shí)間就會(huì)長,我們知道電解液在電場(chǎng)的作用下產(chǎn)生熱溶液被蒸發(fā)。漏電起痕試驗(yàn)應(yīng)盡可能地做到:在電極間前后兩次形成導(dǎo)電通路時(shí),試驗(yàn)樣品上兩電極間的電解液充分加熱,并*蒸發(fā),使上一次的導(dǎo)電通路不對(duì)下一次的導(dǎo)電通路造成影響,為保證試驗(yàn)按理想結(jié)果進(jìn)行,就必須對(duì)溶液滴定量和滴定速度加以控制。
GB4207-84第4.4條規(guī)定:試驗(yàn)溶液應(yīng)從30mm---40mm的高度滴到兩電極中間的絕緣材料表面上,液滴滴落時(shí)間間隔(30±5)s。液滴大小為20+3mm3。滴液大小應(yīng)定期檢查,1cm3溶液滴出44---50滴。對(duì)于A溶液可采用針尖直切的12#輸血針為滴液針。LDQ-1漏電起痕試驗(yàn)儀是通過調(diào)節(jié)溶液器皿液面高度來控制滴定量。為保證液滴大小和溶液濃度的均勻性,在試驗(yàn)前應(yīng)洗凈滴針,并流掉10—20滴溶液。漏電起痕試驗(yàn)儀通常帶有定時(shí)裝置,可以控制滴定速度和顯示滴定次數(shù)。
3 漏電起痕試驗(yàn)
在做好電解液配制與調(diào)試、樣品預(yù)處理與安放、設(shè)備電極安置與調(diào)試后,按照《設(shè)備操作規(guī)程》進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。IEC60112:2003版第8.3條指出:滴液系統(tǒng)開始工作,滴液應(yīng)落在樣品的表面上,繼續(xù)試驗(yàn)直至發(fā)生下列情況之一,才能停止試驗(yàn)。①過流繼電器動(dòng)作;②產(chǎn)生持續(xù)火花(超過2s的燃燒為持續(xù)火花);③滴完50(100)滴總量,過25s后無①或②情況發(fā)生。試驗(yàn)完畢,進(jìn)行箱體內(nèi)通風(fēng),驅(qū)走煙霧,取走樣品。注意在正常情況下:情況①發(fā)生電痕失效現(xiàn)象,既導(dǎo)電部件間形成電痕,造成絕緣失效;情況②發(fā)生電蝕損現(xiàn)象,即持續(xù)火花產(chǎn)生電蝕損,造成絕緣破壞,而且蝕損過程是逐漸形成;情況③可能出現(xiàn)電火花產(chǎn)生電蝕損。
此外,在試驗(yàn)過程中有時(shí)可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)閃絡(luò)現(xiàn)象,既在樣品表面上方兩個(gè)電極間形成電弧。嚴(yán)重時(shí)可能發(fā)生過流繼電器動(dòng)作報(bào)警,導(dǎo)致試驗(yàn)失敗。圖4為漏電起痕試驗(yàn)時(shí),電極之間發(fā)生閃絡(luò)的情況(照片僅為說明閃絡(luò)現(xiàn)象)。
為保證結(jié)果反映實(shí)際情況,漏電起痕試驗(yàn)還應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)問題:
①由于試樣材質(zhì)的非均勻性,應(yīng)選則具有代表性的部位,讓電極接觸線與材料表面紋路垂直。 ②只要測(cè)試結(jié)果為穿孔,便會(huì)認(rèn)為試驗(yàn)失敗,應(yīng)將試驗(yàn)過程在報(bào)告中描述。
③試驗(yàn)時(shí)可能會(huì)遇到電解液或污染物聚集在試樣表面上的凹坑或閃絡(luò)導(dǎo)致過流繼電器動(dòng)作,而不是電痕失效引發(fā)過流繼電器動(dòng)作,這種情況下應(yīng)重做試驗(yàn)。
④要保持設(shè)備的清潔。確保使用的電解液與配置的電解液電導(dǎo)率的*性。上次測(cè)試中剩余的滴液會(huì)污染電解液,或電解液蒸發(fā)加大溶液密度,這兩種情況都會(huì)使測(cè)量值偏離實(shí)際值。解決方法是:每次測(cè)試前,用溶液洗凈滴管外部,然后沖刷管內(nèi)壁。根據(jù)每次測(cè)試的時(shí)間間隔,滴管滴掉10—20滴,以沖掉不明液體。
⑤試驗(yàn)中由于樣品的軟化或蝕損,電極會(huì)發(fā)生移動(dòng),電極*會(huì)在樣品表面留下電痕,從而導(dǎo)致電極距離的改變。目前多數(shù)設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)是:電極距離大小及方向改變,都是由電極軸和電極對(duì)樣品的相對(duì)位置決定。距離變化的情況,不同材質(zhì)是不一樣的;而且不同的測(cè)試設(shè)計(jì)也會(huì)導(dǎo)致各種設(shè)備測(cè)量結(jié)果的不*。因此,在分析結(jié)果時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意這種情況。
4.2耐漏電起痕指數(shù)的確定
IEC60112:2003版第3.7條要求:樣品經(jīng)過5次測(cè)試,每次經(jīng)50滴電解液試驗(yàn),無電痕失效或無持續(xù)火花,此時(shí)試驗(yàn)電壓稱為耐漏電起痕指數(shù)。試驗(yàn)電壓采用25V整數(shù)倍,建議優(yōu)先使用175V、250V、300V、375V或500V電壓值。上面提到終止試驗(yàn)的第③情況,試驗(yàn)電壓被確定為該材料的耐漏電起痕指數(shù)通過;①或②情況試驗(yàn)電壓被確定為該材料的耐漏電起痕指數(shù)不通過。
以試驗(yàn)電壓175V為例,耐漏電起痕指數(shù)結(jié)果用下列方式表述: ① 在規(guī)定的試驗(yàn)電壓下通過或不通過表述:PTI175通過或PTI175不通過;
② 在規(guī)定的蝕損深度和規(guī)定的試驗(yàn)電壓下通過或不通過表述:PTI175-0.8通過或
PTI175-0.8不通過,其中0.8mm為蝕損深度;
③ 由于試樣燃燒導(dǎo)致蝕損深度無法測(cè)量,應(yīng)如實(shí)描述寫入報(bào)告; ④ 樣品穿孔,應(yīng)如實(shí)描述寫入報(bào)告,并指出其深度和厚度; ⑤ 閃絡(luò)導(dǎo)致試驗(yàn)無效,應(yīng)如實(shí)描述寫入報(bào)告。
5 結(jié)束語
由于漏電起痕試驗(yàn)過程環(huán)節(jié)較多,影響試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的因素也很多,相同材料不同設(shè)備試驗(yàn)結(jié)論也可能不同。因此通過對(duì)漏電起痕試驗(yàn)過程的描述,及試驗(yàn)中遇到的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行說明,力求試驗(yàn)結(jié)果能夠反映絕緣材料的真實(shí)性能。
需要請(qǐng)致電詳談
本產(chǎn)品名稱:漏電起痕試驗(yàn)儀,耐漏電起痕試驗(yàn)儀,相比漏電起痕指數(shù) (或稱相對(duì)漏電起痕指數(shù))。型號(hào):BDH 適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有:GB/T4207、GB4706.1 ASTM D 3638-92、IEC60112 、UL746A
需要請(qǐng)致電詳談:北京北廣精儀儀器設(shè)備有限公司
一、本儀器技術(shù)參數(shù):
1、空氣環(huán)境:0~40°C;
2、相對(duì)濕度:≤80%;
3、無明顯振動(dòng)及腐蝕性氣體的場(chǎng)所;
4、工作電壓:AC220V±2% 50HZ±1%,1KVA;
5、試驗(yàn)電壓:100~600V連續(xù)可調(diào)數(shù)顯,電壓表顯示值z(mì)ui大誤差:1.5%,顯示值為:r.m.s;
6、延時(shí)電路:試驗(yàn)回路在(0.5±10%)A(r.m.s)或更大電流時(shí)延時(shí)(2±10%)S后動(dòng)作;
7、電極:
a: 5㎜×2㎜矩形鉑金電極和黃銅電極各一對(duì);
b: 電極符合IEC60112的尺寸要求:(5±0.1)㎜×(2±0.1)㎜×(≥12)㎜,其中一端鑿尖角度為(30±2)°(即試驗(yàn)端呈30°±2°斜角),鑿尖平面寬度為0.01㎜~0.1㎜;
c: 電極間所成角度為60°±5°,間距為(4±0.1㎜);
d: 對(duì)樣品壓力為:1.00N±0.05N;
8、滴液系統(tǒng):
a: (30±5)秒(開啟滴液時(shí)間28S+開啟滴液持續(xù)時(shí)間2S)自動(dòng)計(jì)數(shù)、數(shù)顯(可預(yù)置),50滴時(shí)間:(24.5±2)min;
b: 滴液針嘴到樣品表面高度:35㎜±5㎜(附一個(gè)量規(guī)作測(cè)量參考);
c: 滴液重量:20滴:0.380g~0.489g;50滴:0.997g~1.147g;
9、短路電流:兩電極短路時(shí)的電流可調(diào)至(1±0.1)A,數(shù)顯±1%,電流表顯示值為有效值(r.m.s);
10、儀器外形尺寸(寬*高*深):1100*1150*550㎜(0.5立方);
1:700*385*1000㎜(0.1立方);
箱體由1.2厚的304不銹鋼板制成,可訂制0.75立方;
11、樣品支撐平板:厚度≥4㎜的玻璃;
12、針嘴外徑:A溶液:0.9㎜~1.2㎜
B溶液: 0.9㎜~3.45㎜
滴液大小根據(jù)滴液系統(tǒng)而定;
13、風(fēng)速:0.2M/S。
二、本儀器主要用途:
漏電起痕試驗(yàn)儀適用于照明設(shè)備、低壓電器、家用電器、機(jī)床電器、電機(jī)、電動(dòng)工具、電子儀器、電工儀表、信息技術(shù)設(shè)備的研究、生產(chǎn)和質(zhì)檢部門,也適用于絕緣材料、工程塑料、電氣連接件、輔件行業(yè)。
三、漏電起痕試驗(yàn)儀:
1.工作電源:AC220V±5[%] 50HZ±1[%],1KVA;
2.試驗(yàn)電壓: 100~600V連續(xù)可調(diào)數(shù)顯;
3.延時(shí)電路:試驗(yàn)回路在0.5A或更大電流時(shí)延時(shí)2秒后動(dòng)作;
4.電極:5mmX2mm矩形鉑金電極和黃銅材料各一對(duì),每個(gè)電極對(duì)試樣的壓力可調(diào)整(1N±0.05N);
5.兩電極間距4±0.1mm;
6.滴液間隔:30±5秒(開啟滴液時(shí)間28S+開啟滴液持續(xù)時(shí)間2S) 自動(dòng)計(jì)數(shù) 、數(shù)顯(可預(yù)置);
7.短路電流:兩電極短路時(shí)的電流可調(diào)至1±0.1A,數(shù)顯±1[%];
8.操作箱體積:0.1立方、0.5立方、0.75立方。
四、本儀器特點(diǎn):
CTI是判斷絕緣材料相比電痕化指數(shù),滿足DIN EN60112標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 CTI模擬跟蹤絕緣材料間通過兩電極間滴液的電流。通常使用的絕緣材料可能暴露在潮濕或者有塵埃的環(huán)境中,如果在傳導(dǎo)的情況下,可能引起重壓或者火災(zāi)的危險(xiǎn)。本部分滿足DIN EN 60 112 / IEC 60 112 / 或者 VDE 0303 *部分。 測(cè)試滿足KA方法 (滴落物的數(shù)量 / 爬行者通道深度)和KA方法(直到第50滴滴液的電壓)。 CTI 和 PTI值將能夠確定。 組合允許進(jìn)行微調(diào)測(cè)試電壓、測(cè)試電流、開關(guān)時(shí)間、滴液大小和滴落數(shù)量。
五、本儀器需要注意的事項(xiàng):
1、在操作過程中,人員應(yīng)該注意個(gè)人防護(hù),避免漏電受傷或被溶液沾染到口、眼部位造成傷害
2、輸入電源AC220±2%。
3、排氣管應(yīng)通出窗外。
4、在對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行時(shí),請(qǐng)勿打開倉門,待試驗(yàn)完之后或當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)失效產(chǎn)生火煙時(shí),先打開風(fēng)扇排除煙霧后,再打開倉門進(jìn)行作業(yè)。
5、實(shí)驗(yàn)前須確認(rèn)設(shè)備是否在計(jì)量有效期內(nèi),如超期則不能進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)
6、電源應(yīng)用有地線的三極插座,保證接地可靠。
六、試驗(yàn)原理:
在固體絕緣材料表面上,在規(guī)定尺寸(2mm×5mm) 的鉑電極之間,-施加某一電壓并定時(shí)(30s)定高度(35mm)滴下規(guī)定液滴體積的導(dǎo)電液體(0.1%NH 4CL),用以評(píng)價(jià)固體絕緣材料表面在電場(chǎng)和潮濕或污染介質(zhì)聯(lián)合作用下的耐漏電性能,測(cè)定其相比電痕化指數(shù)(CT1) 和耐電痕化指數(shù)(PT1) 。
七、試驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?/span>
耐漏電起痕試驗(yàn)主要是模擬家用電器產(chǎn)品在實(shí)際使用中不同極性帶電部件在絕緣材料表面沉積的導(dǎo)電物質(zhì)是否引起絕緣材料表面爬電、擊穿短路和起火危險(xiǎn)而進(jìn)行的檢驗(yàn)。電器產(chǎn)品在使用過程中,由于環(huán)境的枵染導(dǎo)致絕緣材料表面有污物、潮氣而產(chǎn)生漏電,由此誘發(fā)的腐蝕而損壞絕緣性能。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所規(guī)定的試驗(yàn)是一種模擬極惡劣條件的加速試驗(yàn)以檢驗(yàn)絕緣材料是否會(huì)形成漏電痕跡,從而能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)區(qū)別固體絕緣材料抗漏電起痕的能力,保證產(chǎn)品在特定環(huán)境條件下的使用安全。
其他附加介紹:
漏電起痕(Tracking):固體絕緣材料表面在電場(chǎng)和電解液的聯(lián)合作用下逐漸形成導(dǎo)電通路的過程。
耐漏電起痕指數(shù) Proof Tracking Index( PTI ):材料表面在30秒一滴速率下經(jīng)受住50滴電解液的作用后形成*性導(dǎo)電炭通路所需的電壓,以V表示。
聚合物絕緣材料有著特殊的電氣破壞現(xiàn)象,即聚合物絕緣材料表面在特定的條件下會(huì)發(fā)生電痕劣化現(xiàn)象,并且可以導(dǎo)致電痕破壞。電痕破壞是指當(dāng)材料表面存在潮濕與污穢、電場(chǎng)足夠大時(shí),表面將有漏電流產(chǎn)生,在電流的焦耳熱作用下,水分被蒸發(fā),隨著材料表面液膜的分離形成的縫隙(稱為干燥帶),在干燥帶形成瞬間液膜間場(chǎng)強(qiáng)達(dá)到放電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)而導(dǎo)致放電,放電產(chǎn)生的熱量使材料表面局部碳化,由于碳化生成物的導(dǎo)電率高,此處的電場(chǎng)密度集中于該碳化部分,引起放電的重復(fù)發(fā)生,在其周圍產(chǎn)生更多的碳化物,形成碳化導(dǎo)電路,并向電極方向伸展,zui終導(dǎo)致短路。
試樣厚度
GB/T4207-2003規(guī)定,試樣厚度不得小于3 mm,因?yàn)橥ǔG闆r下試樣下的墊塊是玻璃或鋼板,由于試驗(yàn)時(shí)電離NH4Cl溶液會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的熱量,在試樣必須耐受熱量的情況下,如果試樣過薄試樣上的熱量就會(huì)很快傳遞掉,就起不到試樣耐受電離NH4Cl溶液的作用。因此在試驗(yàn)時(shí)應(yīng)保證試樣厚度不小于3 mm,應(yīng)采用同材質(zhì)的試樣疊加的方式,使試樣厚度不小于3 mm。同時(shí)疊加的試樣尺寸應(yīng)盡可能*。
蒸餾水或去離子水的電阻率
GB/T4207-2003中規(guī)定用蒸餾水或去離子水調(diào)制NH4Cl溶液,使溶液的電阻率達(dá)到(395±5)歐·cm。但標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中未規(guī)定蒸餾水或去離子水的電阻率。筆者在長期的試驗(yàn)中得出,蒸餾水或去離子水的電阻率會(huì)影響驗(yàn)結(jié)果,使試驗(yàn)結(jié)果電壓降低。因?yàn)檎麴s水或去離子水的電阻率較低,就意味著蒸餾水或去離子水中似含有可忽視的離子,這些雜質(zhì)離子會(huì)影響配成的NH4Cl溶液中的NH4+和Cl-,甚至加速了NH4Cl溶液的電離。蒸餾水或去離子水的電阻率越高,蒸餾水或去離子水中所含的雜質(zhì)離子就越少,對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的影響就越小。從筆者大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果來看,蒸餾水或去離子水的電阻率應(yīng)不小于10 M歐·cm,以此控制蒸餾水或去離子水中雜質(zhì)離子對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的影響。
試驗(yàn)短路電流的設(shè)定
GB/T4207-2003規(guī)定,試驗(yàn)前應(yīng)將試驗(yàn)短路電流設(shè)定為1 A。那么這里可能出現(xiàn)兩種情況:
(1)不同的試驗(yàn)電壓只設(shè)定一次短路電流;
(2)每種試驗(yàn)電壓?jiǎn)为?dú)設(shè)定短路電流。對(duì)于不同的試驗(yàn)電壓只設(shè)定一次短路電流,例如,試驗(yàn)電壓為200 V,短路電流設(shè)為1 A,再將試驗(yàn)電壓升高到300 V時(shí),然后驗(yàn)證短路電流,可發(fā)現(xiàn)電流超過1 A。如果將試驗(yàn)電壓降低到150 V時(shí),驗(yàn)證短路電流,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)電流不到1 A。因此為保證試驗(yàn)符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求,每調(diào)整一次試驗(yàn)電壓,均應(yīng)再次調(diào)整短路電流。
液滴量大小的控制
GB/T4207-2003中規(guī)定的液滴量的大小應(yīng)控制在44滴/毫升~45滴/毫升。在試驗(yàn)中,滴數(shù)可通過液滴計(jì)數(shù)器控制,那么怎樣確定44滴~45滴是1 mL呢?筆者總結(jié)了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)易而有效的方法。由于NH4Cl溶液的百分比濃度為0.1%,NH4Cl的量很小,那么可將溶液的密度定為1 g/mL。將溶液注入滴液器中,用一小容器,先稱取空容器的重量,然后將小容器置于滴液器下,以容納液滴。啟動(dòng)儀器,滴出NH4Cl溶液44滴~45滴,再稱取小容器的重量。兩次稱量相減后就可以得出44滴~45滴液滴的重量。如果重量是1 g,就說明44滴~45滴溶液是1 ml;如果超過1 g,就說明液滴量過大,應(yīng)調(diào)整液滴量延時(shí)器;如果小于1 g,就說明液滴量過小,也應(yīng)調(diào)整液滴量延時(shí)器。這樣就可以保證液滴量的大小符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。
電極的清潔
GB/T4207-2003規(guī)定:試驗(yàn)后應(yīng)對(duì)電極進(jìn)行清潔。這就是說每做一次試驗(yàn)以后,均應(yīng)對(duì)電極進(jìn)行清潔,無論是同一電壓下還是在不同電壓下。清潔可以使用清潔劑,也可以用酒精等進(jìn)行清洗,但不得使用有腐蝕性的清潔劑。清洗后,應(yīng)用配制NH4Cl溶液用的去離子水或蒸餾水沖洗如果試驗(yàn)時(shí)試樣發(fā)生燃燒,使得鉑電極熔融,那么應(yīng)及時(shí)對(duì)電極進(jìn)行修整。修整時(shí)可用1 200目以上的砂紙對(duì)燒蝕的部分輕輕打磨,以除去燒蝕的痕跡。打磨時(shí)應(yīng)十分小心,不能改變電極的輪廓,應(yīng)保持電極刃的角度R不變,不能使電極刃口變圓柱面,仍應(yīng)保持尖的狀態(tài),但不得變鋒利。
Tracking tester by Beijing North Canton Precision Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd. in accordance with the national standard (GB4207, IEC60112) precision production, instrument quality, impeccable. After the sale and a professional engineer onsite training debugging. Until the client to understand the instrument so far.
The product name: Tracking tester, resistance to tracking tester, comparative tracking index (or called comparative tracking index). Model: BDH Applicable standards: GB/T4207, GB4706.1 ASTM D 3638-92, IEC60112, UL746A
Need to go into the details, please call: Beijing North Canton Precision Instrument Co., Ltd.
First, the technical parameters of the instrument:
1, the air environment: 0 ~ 40 ° C;
2, relative humidity: ≤ 80%;
3, no vibration and corrosive gases;
4, Working voltage: AC220V ± 2% 50HZ ± 1%, 1KVA;
5, the test voltage: 100 ~ 600V continuously adjustable digital display, voltage table shows the maximum error: 1.5%, the displayed value: rms;
6, the delay circuit: test circuit in (0.5 ± 10%) A (rms) or greater current delay (2 ± 10%) S after the action;
7, the electrode:
a: 5 mm × 2 mm rectangular platinum electrodes and brass electrodes of one pair;
b: IEC60112 electrodes meet the dimensional requirements: (5 ± 0.1) mm × (2 ± 0.1) mm × (≥ 12) mm, one end of the chisel tip angle of (30 ± 2) ° (ie test side was 30 ° ± 2 ° angle), flat chisel tip width of 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm;
c: the angle formed between the electrodes of 60 ° ± 5 °, a pitch of (4 ± 0.1 mm);
d: the sample pressure: 1.00N ± 0.05N;
8, drip systems:
a: (30 ± 5) seconds (open drip drip time 28S + open duration 2S) automatic counting, digital display (can be preset), 50 drops of time: (24.5 ± 2) min;
b: drip needle tip to the sample surface height: 35 mm ± 5 mm (attach a gauge for measuring the reference);
c: Drip Weight: 20 drops: 0.380g ~ 0.489g; 50 drops: 0.997g ~ 1.147g;
9, short-circuit current: two electrodes short-circuit current is adjustable to (1 ± 0.1) A, digital display ± 1%, RMS current meter display value (rms);
10 Instrument Dimensions (W * H * D): 1100 * 1150 * 550 mm (0.5 cubic meters);
1:700 * 385 * 1000 mm (0.1 cubic meters);
Case from 1.2 thick 304 stainless steel, can be customized 0.75 cubic meters;
11, the sample support plate: thickness ≥ 4 mm glass;
12, needle diameter: A solution: 0.9 mm to 1.2 mm
Solution B: 0.9 mm to 3.45 mm
Droplet size may be under the drip system;
13, wind speed: 0.2M / S.
Second, the main purpose of this instrument:
Tracking test apparatus for lighting equipment, low voltage electrical appliances, household appliances, electrical machines, motors, power tools, electronic equipment, electrical instruments, information technology equipment, research, production and quality control departments, but also for insulation, plastic , electrical connectors, accessories and parts industry.
Third, tracking tester:
1 Power Supply: AC220V ± 5 [%] 50HZ ± 1 [%], 1KVA;
(2) Test voltage: 100 ~ 600V continuously adjustable digital display;
3 delay circuit: Test circuit current at 0.5A or greater delay 2 seconds after the action;
4 Electrode: 5mmX2mm rectangular brass platinum electrodes and each one pair of each electrode on the sample pressure adjustable (1N ± 0.05N);
5 two electrode spacing 4 ± 0.1mm;
6 Drip interval: 30 ± 5 sec (open drip drip time 28S + open duration 2S) automatic counting, digital display (can be preset);
7 Short circuit current: two electrodes short-circuit current is adjustable to 1 ± 0.1A, digital display ± 1 [%];
8 Operation box volume: 0.1 cubic meters, 0.5 cubic meters, 0.75 cubic meters.
Fourth, this instrument features:
CTI is compared to determine the insulation material tracking index, meets DIN EN60112 standards. CTI tracing simulation by an insulating material between two electrodes of the current drops. Usually the insulating material may be exposed to a humid environment or the dust, if the transmission case, it may cause a fire hazard, or stress. This section meets DIN EN 60 112 / IEC 60 112 / VDE 0303 or the first part. Test methods to meet the KA (drip quantity / Crawler channel depth) and KA methods (50 drops of liquid until the voltage). CTI and PTI values ??will be able to determine. Combination allows for fine-tuning the test voltage, test current, the switching time, the size and drip drip quantity.
Fifth, the instrument needs to pay attention to:
1, during operation, personnel should pay attention to personal protection, to avoid leakage injured or contaminated solution to the mouth, eye damage parts
2, the input power supply AC220 ± 2%.
3, the exhaust pipe should pass out of the window.
4, in the sample, do not open the doors, to be tested after completing the experimental failure or when the fire generated smoke, first turn on the fan exclude smoke, then open the doors for the job.
5, before the experiment required to confirm whether the device is in the measurement period, such experiments can not be extended
6, power supply applications with ground three pole socket, to ensure reliable grounding.
Six, Test principle:
On the surface of the solid insulating material, the required size (2mm × 5mm) between platinum electrodes, - applying a voltage and a time (30s) given height (35mm) drop required volume of conductive liquid droplet (0.1% NH 4CL) to evaluate the solid insulating material surface in wet or contaminated medium electric and combined effects of the anti-leakage performance, measured comparative tracking index (CT1) and the proof tracking index (PT1).
Seven, test purposes:
Proof tracking test is to simulate the actual use of household products in the live parts of different polarity in the insulating material is deposited on the surface of a conductive material caused by insulation material surface creepage breakdown short circuit and fire hazard testing carried out. Electrical products in use, due to environmental causes dye hollow of a tree surface of insulating material with dirt, moisture and the leakage, thereby inducing the corrosion damage the insulation properties. Tests specified in this standard is an extremely harsh conditions simulated acceleration tests to verify whether the formation of an insulating material signs of leakage, which can distinguish solid insulating materials in a short anti-tracking ability, to ensure that products in certain environmental conditions safe use.
Other additional description:
Tracking (Tracking): solid insulating material surface and the electrolyte in the electric field under the combined effects of the gradual process of forming a conductive path.
Proof Tracking Index Proof Tracking Index (PTI): In 30 seconds the material surface to withstand a drop rate of 50 drops of the role of the electrolyte to form a permanent conductive carbon path required voltage to V represents.
Polymeric electrically insulating material has a special destruction phenomenon that polymeric insulating material surface may occur under certain conditions-tracking degradation phenomenon, and can lead to damage to tracking. Tracking damage is present on the surface when the material is wet and dirty, the electric field is large enough, the surface leakage current will be generated, when the current under the action of Joule heat, water is evaporated, the separation film surface with a gap formed (called the drying belt), the drying belt to instantaneous field strength between the film reaches the discharge field strength which causes discharge, the discharge surface of the heat generated by partial carbonization material, high conductivity of the carbonization product, where the electric field density is concentrated to the carbonization section, causing the repeated discharge, around which produce more carbides, carbonized conductive path is formed, extending in a direction to the electrodes, resulting in a short circuit.
Sample thickness
GB/T4207-2003 requirements, the specimen thickness of not less than 3 mm, as is usually the case that the sample pad under glass or steel, because the test ionization NH4Cl solution will produce a lot of heat, heat the sample must withstand case, if the sample on the sample is too thin will quickly transfer heat away, would not achieve the specimens withstand the effects of ionizing NH4Cl solution. Therefore, the test specimen should be to ensure thickness of not less than 3 mm, the sample should be used the same material superimposed manner, the sample thickness of not less than 3 mm. Meanwhile superimposed sample size should be as consistent.
Distilled or deionized water resistivity
GB/T4207-2003 specified in distilled or deionized water with a prepared solution of NH4Cl, the resistivity of the solution (395 ± 5) Au · cm. However, the standard does not specify distilled or deionized water resistivity. I obtained in the long term test, distilled or deionized water may affect the resistivity of experimental results, the results of the test voltage is reduced. Because distilled or deionized water resistivity is low, it means distilled or deionized water containing negligible like ions, these impurity ions affect dubbed NH4Cl solution NH4 + and Cl-, and even accelerated NH4Cl solution ionized. Distilled or deionized water, the higher the resistivity, distilled or deionized water contains less impurity ions, the impact on the test results is smaller. From the author of a large number of experimental results, distilled or deionized water resistivity of not less than 10 M Europe · cm, thereby controlling distilled or deionized water impurity ions on the test results.
Short-circuit current test set
GB/T4207-2003 provides short-circuit current test before the test should be set to 1 A. Well here there are two possibilities:
(A) different test voltage is only set once short-circuit current;
(2) be set individually for each test voltage short circuit current. For different test voltage is only set once short-circuit current, for example, the test voltage is 200 V, short-circuit current to 1 A, then the test voltage is increased to 300 V, and then verify that the short circuit current, can be found in the current exceeds 1 A. If the test voltage is reduced to 150 V, the validation circuit current, you will find current of less than 1 A. So as to ensure compliance testing standards, adjusted once each test voltage, short-circuit current should be adjusted again.
Droplet size control amount
GB/T4207-2003 predetermined amount of liquid droplets in the size should be controlled at 44 drops / ml to 45 drops / ml. In the experiment, the number of drops can be controlled by a droplet counter, then how to determine the 44 drops to 45 drops is 1 mL it? The author summarizes a simple and effective method. NH4Cl solution, the percentage concentration of 0.1%, NH4Cl amount is small, then the density of the solution can be set to 1 g / mL. The solution was poured into a dropping vessel, a small container with a first weight of the empty container weighed, and the small container in the drip device, to accommodate the droplets. Start the instrument, drop out of NH4Cl solution 44 drops to 45 drops, and then weighed small container weight. Subtract two weights can be drawn after 44 drops to 45 drops of liquid droplets weight. If the weight is 1 g, it shows 44 drops to 45 drops of the solution was 1 ml; if more than 1 g, it shows excessive droplets, droplet volume should be adjusted to delay; if less than 1 g, it shows the amount of droplets too small, the amount of liquid droplets can be adjusted delay. This ensures that the droplet size of the volume compliance.
Clean the electrodes
GB/T4207-2003 states: test response electrode for cleaning. This means that after each do a test, the electrodes should be cleaned, whether it is at the same voltage or different voltages. Cleaning can use detergents, alcohol, etc. can also be used for cleaning, but may not use abrasive cleaners. After cleaning, apply NH4Cl solution was prepared using deionized or distilled water if the test sample combustion occurs, making the platinum electrode melting, then the electrodes should be trimmed. Dressing available when more than 1200 mesh sandpaper lightly polished on the part of the ablation to remove traces of ablation. Polished should be very careful not to change the outline of the electrodes, the electrode should be kept constant angle R of the blade, does not change the cylindrical surface of the electrode edge, the state should remain sharp, but not sharpened.
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