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SIGMA現(xiàn)貨,SIGMA代理

細(xì)胞因子的種類

時間:2011/10/13閱讀:768
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乾思 生物編輯整理:

  1.白細(xì)胞介素 
 
  白細(xì)胞介素(IL)簡稱白介素,由白細(xì)胞(和其他細(xì)胞)產(chǎn)生,并在細(xì)胞間發(fā)揮廣泛炎癥、刺激活化作用的細(xì)胞因子。已報道的白細(xì)胞介素有30余種。Th1細(xì)胞因子主要是IL-2、IL-12、IFNγ;Th2細(xì)胞因子主要是IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-10,分別促進(jìn)Th1、Th2分化和功能,分別促醫(yī)學(xué)''教育網(wǎng)搜集整理進(jìn)細(xì)胞免疫和體液免疫應(yīng)答。IL-10和TGFβ是調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞的效應(yīng)因子。 
 
  表4-9 白細(xì)胞介素(IL)及其主要生物學(xué)作用 
 
  ILs 主要產(chǎn)生細(xì)胞 主要生物學(xué)作用 
IL-1 單核-吞噬細(xì)胞
血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞 ① 促進(jìn)T、B淋巴細(xì)胞活化、增生;
②增強(qiáng)NK細(xì)胞和單核巨噬細(xì)胞活性;
③刺激下丘腦體溫調(diào)節(jié)中樞,引起發(fā)熱;
④介導(dǎo)炎癥反應(yīng) 
IL-2 活化T細(xì)胞(Th1)
NK細(xì)胞 ① 促進(jìn)T、B細(xì)胞增殖分化;
②增強(qiáng)Tc細(xì)胞、NK細(xì)胞和NK巨噬細(xì)胞殺傷活性;
③誘導(dǎo)LAK形成,產(chǎn)生抗瘤作用;
④作用具有沿種系譜向上的約束性 
IL-4 活化T細(xì)胞(Th2)
肥大細(xì)胞 ① 促進(jìn)T、B細(xì)胞增殖分化;
②誘導(dǎo)Ig類別轉(zhuǎn)換,促進(jìn)肥IgE或IgG類抗體生成;
③抑制Th1分泌IFN-γ、TNF-β、IL-2、等細(xì)胞因子,下調(diào)細(xì)胞免疫應(yīng)答;
④誘導(dǎo)活化CD4+T細(xì)胞分化為Th2細(xì)胞 
IL-5 活化T細(xì)胞(Th2)
肥大細(xì)胞 ① 促進(jìn)B細(xì)胞增殖分化,誘導(dǎo)Ig類別轉(zhuǎn)換,產(chǎn)生IgA類抗體;
②促進(jìn)嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞增殖分化 
IL-6 單核-吞噬細(xì)胞活化
T細(xì)胞 ① 促進(jìn)B細(xì)胞增殖分化,合成分泌Ig,
②促進(jìn)T細(xì)胞增殖分泌,
③參與炎癥反應(yīng),引起發(fā)熱 
IL-8 單核-吞噬細(xì)胞血內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞
活化T細(xì)胞(Th2) ① 吸引中性粒細(xì)胞,嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞和T細(xì)胞作定向趨勢運(yùn)管動;
②激活中性粒細(xì)胞、嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞,使之脫顆粒釋放生物活性介質(zhì),增強(qiáng)炎癥和過敏反應(yīng) 
IL-10 單核-吞噬細(xì)胞 ① 抑制巨噬細(xì)胞功能,降低抗原遞呈作用,減少單核因子生成;
②抑制Th1細(xì)胞分泌IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-β等細(xì)胞因子,下調(diào)細(xì)胞免疫應(yīng)答;
③促進(jìn)B細(xì)胞增殖和抗體生成,上調(diào)體液免疫應(yīng)答 
IL-12 單核-吞噬細(xì)胞 ① 促進(jìn)Tc、NK細(xì)胞增殖分化,增強(qiáng)其殺傷活性;
②誘導(dǎo)活化CD4+T細(xì)胞分化為CD4+Th1細(xì)胞,
③作用有種屬特異性 
  2.干擾素 
 
  干擾素(IFN)是zui早發(fā)現(xiàn)的細(xì)胞因子,因其具有干擾病毒感染和復(fù)制的能力故稱干擾素??煞譃镮型和Ⅱ型干擾素:I型干擾素包括IFN-α、IFN-β,由APC和成纖維細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生,有較強(qiáng)抗病毒轉(zhuǎn)錄復(fù)制作用;II型干擾素即IFN-γ,主要由活化T細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生,通過激活A(yù)PC功能和巨噬細(xì)胞、NK、CTL細(xì)胞功能發(fā)揮抗病毒作用。IFN-α已被成功應(yīng)用于慢性乙肝的治療。 
 
  3.腫瘤壞死因子 
 
  腫瘤壞死因子(TNF):使腫瘤發(fā)生出血、壞死的細(xì)胞因子。腫瘤壞死因子超家族(TNFSF)目前至少有19個成員,在調(diào)節(jié)適應(yīng)性免疫、殺傷靶細(xì)胞和誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡等過程中發(fā)揮重要作用。腫瘤壞死因子分為TNF-α和淋巴毒素(LT,或TNF-β)。 
 
  4.集落刺激因子 
 
  集落刺激因子(CSF)是指能夠刺激多能造血干細(xì)胞和不同發(fā)育分化階段的造血祖細(xì)胞增殖分化,在半固體培養(yǎng)基中形成相應(yīng)細(xì)胞集落的細(xì)胞因子。目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的集落醫(yī)學(xué)''教育網(wǎng)搜集整理刺激因子有粒細(xì)胞-巨噬細(xì)胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、粒細(xì)胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)、紅細(xì)胞生成素(EPO)、干細(xì)胞生長因子(SCF)、血小板生成素(TPO)和白細(xì)胞介素-11等。 
 
  5.生長因子 
 
  生長因子(GF)是具有刺激細(xì)胞生長作用的細(xì)胞因子,包括轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β( TGF-β)、表皮細(xì)胞生長因子(EGF)、血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞生長因子(VEGF)、成纖維細(xì)胞生長因子(FGF)、神經(jīng)生長因子(NGF)、血小板衍生的生長因子(PDGF)等。 
 
  6.趨化因子 
 
  趨化性細(xì)胞因子:是一個蛋白質(zhì)家族,分子量多為8-10kDa的多肽組成。趨化性細(xì)胞因子的主要功能是招募血液中的單核細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞等進(jìn)入感染發(fā)生的部位。分為4種亞家族:1.CC亞家族;2.CXC亞家族3.C亞家族4.CX3C亞家族。

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