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ELISA質(zhì)量控制--質(zhì)量控制血清

時間:2011/10/26閱讀:678
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 ELISA 是一種敏感性高、特異性強、重復(fù)性好的實驗診斷方法,由于其試劑穩(wěn)定、易保存、操作簡便、結(jié)果判斷較客觀等因素,以及既適宜于大規(guī)模篩查試驗又可以用于少量標本的檢測,既可以做定性試驗也可以做定量分析等優(yōu)點,已廣泛應(yīng)用于微生物學、寄生蟲學、腫瘤學和細胞因子等領(lǐng)域。ELISA 的影響因素較多,加強質(zhì)量管理才能充分發(fā)揮其方法學的優(yōu)點。質(zhì)控血清是已有靶值的血清,在每次的常規(guī)檢驗中加入一份或數(shù)份,通過所得結(jié)果來了解本次檢驗的情況。質(zhì)控血清檢驗的結(jié)果如能控制其誤差在一定范圍內(nèi),就說明該檢驗沒有發(fā)生不允許的誤差。如果出現(xiàn)超過允許誤差范圍的異常結(jié)果,提示該檢驗不合格,應(yīng)尋找原因,糾正后,重檢待測標本。因此質(zhì)控血清在質(zhì)控工作中起重要作用。一、質(zhì)控血清的使用:衛(wèi)生部臨床檢驗中心制備的乙肝標志物質(zhì)控血清,可以在-20℃保持半年定值不變。冰凍狀態(tài)融化使用時,應(yīng)先混勻,未用完部分可在4℃保存5天。不宜反復(fù)冰融或自行分裝。開展某項檢驗的室內(nèi)質(zhì)控工作需要的質(zhì)控血清,一般按3-6個月用量準備。自制的不定值質(zhì)控血清,在一批質(zhì)控血清將用完之前,需準備下一批質(zhì)控血清。質(zhì)控血清要求性能穩(wěn)定,較長期內(nèi)效價不變,其理化性質(zhì)應(yīng)與病人樣本相近,這樣才能有效地起到監(jiān)測作用。二、臨界值質(zhì)控血清:質(zhì)控制血清分定值和未定值兩種。如只用一份質(zhì)控血清定值,一般定在正常值與異常值交界點上,定性測定時處于弱陽性水平,稱為臨界值。乙肝標志物臨界值的制定,應(yīng)按臨床要求,為臨床提供統(tǒng)一的判斷弱陽性的標準。 臨界值質(zhì)控血清可以作為試劑盒中的陽性對照品和陰性對照品以外的第三個對照品,它可以靈敏地反映出試劑盒的檢出水平,確保弱陽性反應(yīng)的標本不漏檢。三、質(zhì)控血清的制備:每個實驗室可以根據(jù)自己的條件,選用臨床中心提供的質(zhì)控血清,或按以下方法自己制備本室使用的質(zhì)控血清(以乙肝質(zhì)控血清為例)。(1)收集新鮮的無溶血、無黃疸、無細菌污染的陽性血清。(2)56℃加熱10小時去活。(3)離心或過濾除去沉淀。(4)用10%的小牛血清或正常人血清(PBS緩沖液)將收集的血清稀釋至所需的濃度。如能用正常的人血清稀釋更好,因其成份更接近于檢測標本。(5)抽濾除菌。按一次使用的量分裝小安瓿,封口,20℃保存?zhèn)溆?。不可反?fù)凍融。被檢物要求檢出的水平常被認為是質(zhì)控血清應(yīng)選擇的水平。如果該試驗還有其它要求,則應(yīng)加所要求濃度的質(zhì)控物。(6)標定含量。20-30次測定結(jié)果刪除>±2SD數(shù)據(jù)的均值作為靶值,并與已知定值血清對比測定。

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