上海乾思生物科技有限公司
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生物培養(yǎng)基

時間:2011/10/27閱讀:746
分享:
    絕大多數培養(yǎng)基是建立在平衡鹽溶液(BSS)基礎上,添加了氨基酸、維生素和其它與血清中濃度相似的營養(yǎng)物質。zui廣泛應用的培養(yǎng)基是Eearle`s MEM 的混合物,其中含有13種必須氨基酸、8種維生素。而Ham`s F12 也包括非必須氨基酸,維生素的范圍亦很廣,另外常規(guī)含有無機鹽和代謝添加劑。MEM/F12 這兩種培養(yǎng)基各取1/2,形成神經生物學zui通用的培養(yǎng)基。
Dulbecco`s改良培養(yǎng)基——DMEM,現應用于快速生長的細胞,同MEM含有相同的營養(yǎng)成分,但濃度高出2~4倍。選擇某種培養(yǎng)基,應仔細了解成分表,應知道大多數情形下培養(yǎng)基都有不足。例如,有些培養(yǎng)基在氨基酸中包括有谷氨酸,而這種培養(yǎng)基雖廣泛用于神經生物學領域,但它對某些對谷氨酸敏感的可能有細胞外毒性損傷的神經元而言,則并非*選擇,特別是如果神經元生長在缺乏膠質的環(huán)境中時。F12中含有硫酸亞鐵,據報道也有神經毒效應。  在所有這些培養(yǎng)基中,谷氨酸比其他氨基酸有更高的濃度,這是因為它具有不穩(wěn)定性以及在許多細胞培養(yǎng)中它常用作碳源。對于神經元的培養(yǎng)常常在基礎培養(yǎng)基中增加葡萄糖的含量到0.6%或者加入丙酮酸(若培養(yǎng)基中這兩種物質缺乏時)。MEM與F12均要用5%的CO2來平衡,DMEM含更高濃度的NaCO3,要用10%的CO2來平衡,當然也可以在較低CO2濃度下使用。這些基礎培養(yǎng)基的組成成分是建立在對不同細胞系生長的研究之上的,但通常在原代培養(yǎng)中使用也能有比較令人滿意的結果。原則上,HEPES作為緩沖劑可用來代替碳酸氫鹽,以解除需要高濃度CO2培養(yǎng)環(huán)境的限制。實際操作中并非如此簡單。顯然,溶解的CO2與碳酸氫鹽對良好的細胞生長是重要的。Leiboviz`s L15培養(yǎng)基可用來在大氣環(huán)境中令神經細胞生長,該培養(yǎng)基采用了與眾不同的BSS作基礎,它含有高濃度的氨基酸來提高緩沖能力,培養(yǎng)基中使用半乳糖作碳源,以阻止培養(yǎng)基中乳酸形成,少量溶解的CO2由丙酮酸代謝產生。這一培養(yǎng)基的優(yōu)點是明顯的,特別是在保持較高CO2有困難時,例如在長時間的顯微操作及生理學研究中。L15培養(yǎng)基已用來成功的培養(yǎng)了外周神經元,但尚未在CNS神經元的發(fā)育研究中全面檢測過。
    細胞培養(yǎng)基應用選擇選擇培養(yǎng)基沒有一定的標準,有幾點建議可供參考: (1)建立某種細胞株所用的培養(yǎng)基應該是培養(yǎng)這種細胞的培養(yǎng)基??梢圆殚唴⒖嘉墨I,或在購買細胞株時咨詢。 (2) 其它實驗室慣用的培養(yǎng)基不妨一試,許多培養(yǎng)基可以適合多種細胞。 (3) 根據細胞株的特點、實驗的需要來選擇培養(yǎng)基。如小鼠細胞株多選 RPMI1640

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