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移液器操作的常見錯(cuò)誤

時(shí)間:2011/11/7閱讀:523
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  以前在網(wǎng)上寫“移液器的選擇”時(shí),也寫過“移液器的操作”,并且還有幸被引用過幾次。當(dāng)然,在網(wǎng)上也有不止一個(gè)人寫過類似的東東。但使用者是否都很重視這個(gè)問題呢?很遺憾答案是否定的。相當(dāng)多的人認(rèn)為移液器是很簡(jiǎn)單的儀器,其操作也很簡(jiǎn)單,沒必要費(fèi)口舌,更無需上什么培訓(xùn)課。事實(shí)上呢?良好的移液器操作習(xí)慣對(duì)于延長移液器的使用壽命、提高移液的精度和維護(hù)使用者的健康都大有裨益。下面不妨堆砌一些在實(shí)驗(yàn)室常見的操作習(xí)慣,同時(shí)也是錯(cuò)得比較嚴(yán)重的操作習(xí)慣。希望您在其中不要發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的影子。
  *,裝吸頭。在移液器使用頻繁的實(shí)驗(yàn)室里,常??梢月牭角脫粑^的聲音此起彼伏,頗有為枯燥的實(shí)驗(yàn)室生活增添點(diǎn)音樂的味道。走進(jìn)細(xì)看,原來是使用者怕吸頭不能裝緊,在吸頭裝到移液器上之后,在吸頭盒里再敲擊幾次,希望通過這種沖擊力來保證移液的密封性。那這種操作錯(cuò)在哪里呢?其一,在撞擊的作用下,吸頭可能會(huì)變形而影響移液精度;其二,移液器套柄接觸吸頭的部分經(jīng)過多次強(qiáng)力的摩擦,會(huì)逐漸變得粗糙而難以保證密封性,而為了達(dá)到良好的密封性就需要更大的撞擊力,惡性循環(huán)就此開始;其三,小量程的移液器的套柄都比較細(xì),在不斷撞擊的摧殘下,很有可能變成釣魚鉤;其四,有時(shí)這種沖擊力比移液器掉在地上承受的力還要大,移液器里的部分精密部件隨時(shí)有不堪重負(fù)而罷工的可能。
  第二,吸液角度。很多使用者為了在吸液過程中便于觀察樣品在吸頭中的狀況,會(huì)讓移液器在吸液過程中保持45o傾角甚至更接近水平的角度。但這又錯(cuò)了。其一,在移取接近或達(dá)到吸頭的zui大容積的樣品時(shí),移液器大角度傾斜很容易讓液體溜到移液器的套柄里面,從而污染甚至腐蝕移液器的活塞,同時(shí)也容易造成樣品的交叉污染;其二,移液器的大角度傾斜同時(shí)也會(huì)讓吸頭外壁與液體的接觸面增大,這樣吸頭離開液面時(shí)外壁殘留的液體也更多,很容易在排液時(shí)隨吸頭內(nèi)的液體一起離開吸頭,從而降低移液的精度,而這些殘留的液體對(duì)于微小量程(如2ul和10ul)的移液器而言,其對(duì)精度的破壞很可能是致命的!
  第三,吸液速度。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里經(jīng)??梢钥吹?,使用者為了“提率”,在吸液時(shí)拇指迅速松開,這就使液體迅速?zèng)_到吸頭里面。殊不知,這樣就迫使液體在進(jìn)入吸頭后形成湍流的狀態(tài),從而對(duì)中小量程的移液器而言會(huì)產(chǎn)生肉眼不可見的汽霧進(jìn)入移液器的內(nèi)部,對(duì)大量程的移液器而言則會(huì)看到液體直接沖到移液器的內(nèi)部。zui終的結(jié)果就是污染甚至腐蝕移液器的活塞,容易造成樣品的交叉污染,對(duì)精度也有影響。
  第四,存放。相當(dāng)多的用戶在移液器使用完畢后會(huì)直接把移液器平放在實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)上,愛好整潔的則可能把移液器放在抽屜里。這樣其實(shí)也不好!在移液操作過程中,難免會(huì)有液體進(jìn)入移液器的內(nèi)部,在平放的狀態(tài)下,這些液體就會(huì)一直滯留在活塞等部件上,日積月累之后污染活塞甚至腐蝕活塞。
  在以上羅列的問題中,經(jīng)常會(huì)提到腐蝕活塞的情況。有人可能會(huì)說:我用的移液器的活塞是耐腐蝕的!但我還是不得不提醒兩點(diǎn):其一,除了少數(shù)低端的移液器會(huì)用全塑料配件外,大多數(shù)移液器的活塞組件中都有金屬部件;其二,只要是污染了活塞,無論活塞是何種材質(zhì),都可能有移液器內(nèi)部氣密性降低以及樣品交叉污染  總之,各實(shí)驗(yàn)室有必要建立和完善移液器使用的SOP(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作規(guī)程),嚴(yán)格移液器操作的管理。

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