反應(yīng)釜的使用須知

在使用設(shè)備前須知

Please carefully read the following information before operation.

微型反應(yīng)釜適合少量樣品的反應(yīng)，是昂貴或低產(chǎn)量原材料樣品測試的理想反應(yīng)裝置。廣泛用于催化反應(yīng)，加氫反應(yīng) 與高分子合成等反應(yīng),涵蓋石油化工、化學、制藥、高分子合成，冶金等諸多領(lǐng)域。

 Micro reactor, suitable for the reaction of a small amount of samples, is a perfect reaction device to test expensive or low-yield material samples. It is widely used in catalytic reaction, hydrogenation reaction and polymer synthesis reaction in petrochemical, chemical, pharmaceutical, polymer synthesis and metallurgy industries.

適用于氣液兩相 液液兩相 放熱反應(yīng) 組成測試 穩(wěn)定性測試 腐蝕性測試 精細化工 超臨界反應(yīng) 催化劑評價等應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。

It is applicable to gas-liquid/liquid-liquid reaction, exothermic reaction, composition test, stability test, corrosion test, fine chemistry, supercritical reaction and catalyst evaluation.

主要特點

Main Features

◎釜體采用優(yōu)質(zhì)不銹鋼316L材質(zhì)（非標材質(zhì)可定制），壓力顯示，防爆膜，進、出氣閥設(shè)置，功能齊全。

The reactor body is made of high quality stainless steel 316L (Customizable for non-standard materials), and pressure display, explosion-proof membrane and inlet/outlet valves are provided with complete functions.

◎專門開發(fā)的“微電腦處理器+三級PID”控制系統(tǒng)，相校與傳統(tǒng)反應(yīng)釜控制方式，具有控更小的溫度超溫、更快的穩(wěn)定時 間、更好的控溫精度等優(yōu)點。

Compared with traditional reactor control mode, the "microcomputer processor + 3-stage PID" control system, which is independently developed, is featured by smaller over-temperature control, faster stable time and better temperature control accuracy.

◎雙環(huán)控制，攪拌速度更準確——攪拌采用速度環(huán)、電流環(huán)雙環(huán)控制，加減速度時間設(shè)定，電機功率設(shè)定，故障報警功能。

Dual-loop control and accurate mixing speed: Speed loop and current loop are used for mixing, including speed/time setting, motor power setting and fault alarm functions.

◎ 產(chǎn)品經(jīng)第三方機構(gòu)測試，抗干擾性能符合工業(yè)條件下電磁兼容的要求。

The product has been tested by the third party agency and its anti-interference performance meets the electromagnetic compatibility requirements under industrial conditions.

 1.實驗室嚴禁煙火并需配備滅火設(shè)備。

Fire is strictly prohibited in the laboratory and fire-fighting equipment must be provided.

 2.實驗過程中若有易燃易爆氣體產(chǎn)生，實驗室中所有電器必須是防爆的，實驗工作人員不可穿帶釘皮鞋，以防止打火花，建議穿膠鞋或布鞋。

In case flammable and explosive gas is produced during the test, all electrical appliances in the laboratory must be explosion-proof. The test staff shall not wear leather shoes with nails in order to prevent sparks. Rubber or cloth shoes are recommended.

 3.請仔細了解用戶應(yīng)承擔的義務(wù)和責任。

Please fully understand the obligations and responsibilities of users.

 4.任何使用高壓反應(yīng)釜的實驗人員，需在仔細閱讀使用手冊后，方可允許上崗位操作，并在實驗過程中，不得擅自離崗。應(yīng)嚴密監(jiān)視操作過程中的溫度和壓力變化，以便在發(fā)生超 溫或超壓情況之前，及時采取斷電和卸壓等應(yīng)急措施，防止事故發(fā)生。注意溫度在攝氏100度之內(nèi)，容器內(nèi)的壓力接近 一個大氣壓，攝氏100以后開始壓力上升較慢，但此時容器的壓力為溫度的3次方函數(shù)，到攝氏200度以后，壓力上升會非?？?，若無人值守，極易造成事故。

Any test staff using high pressure reactor can only operate after reading this manual carefully and shall not leave without permission during the test. Closely monitor the temperature and pressure changes during the operation so as to prevent the accident by means of power cut and pressure relief in time before the occurrence of over temperature or overpressure.  Please note that if the temperature is within 100 ℃, the pressure in the reactor is close to one atmospheric pressure. After  100 ℃ or above is reached, the pressure will rise slowly. The pressure in the reactor is a cubic function of the temperature. After it reaches 200 ℃ or above, the pressure will rise very quickly. If no one is available, it is very easy to cause the accident.

 5.若果用戶要在容器中加入有壓力的氣體，建議先加溫，后加壓。但氣壓源的壓力應(yīng)超過此時容器中的壓力，否則容器中的壓力會反沖向氣壓源，為避免反沖發(fā)生，建議充氣 管路中加一個單向閥，如果用戶要先加壓后加溫，則應(yīng)考慮到在加溫時這部分氣體的壓力會成倍上升，在攝氏300度時有可能上升10倍。再加上容器內(nèi)液體的飽和蒸汽壓，極易 造成容器超壓。此時若無人值守，極易造成超壓事故。

The user is willing to add pressurized gas into the reactor, it is recommended to raise the pressure after heating. However, the pressure of the air pressure source shall exceed the pressure in the reactor; otherwise the pressure in the reactor will recoil at the air pressure source. In order to avoid recoil, it is recommended to add a one-way valve in the supply line. If the user wants to heat up after pressurization, it shall be considered that the pressure of this part of gas will be multiplied during the heating, and it may rise 10 times at 300℃. In addition, the saturated vapor pressure in the reactor can easily cause overpressure. If no one is available at this time, it is easy to cause the overpressure accident.

6.容器的工作溫度和工作壓力中任何一項都不得超過合同上規(guī)定的指標。用戶有責任對其將進行的化學反應(yīng)體系的溫度、壓力、物理和化學性質(zhì)進行全面的調(diào)研，以保證所選擇的反應(yīng)條件是在購置的反應(yīng)釜的安全限定操作條件內(nèi)。

Neither the max. working temperature nor the max. working pressure of the reactor shall not exceed the value specified in the contract. The user has the responsibility to carry out the research on the temperature, pressure, physical and chemical properties of the chemical reaction system so as to ensure that the selected reaction conditions are within the safe operating conditions of the purchased reactor. 

 7.用戶有責任正確選擇工作介質(zhì)和試驗過程中化學反應(yīng)的性質(zhì)，保證不損壞設(shè)備或造成人身事故，巖征對此不負任何責任，因為他們并不知道用戶要做什么試驗。如果要使用腐蝕性介質(zhì)，用戶必需能抗腐蝕的供應(yīng)容器。嚴禁使用具有爆炸性的試驗介質(zhì)或選擇具有爆炸反應(yīng)的化學反應(yīng)試驗。注意，爆炸性的反應(yīng)，防爆片可能來不及破裂，容器就被破壞了。

User shall select the correct working medium and the nature of chemical reaction during the test, make sure not to damage the equipment or cause personal injury. Yansheng is not responsible for that, because it does not know what test the user is going to do. If corrosive media are to be used, the user must provide corrosion-proof reactor. It is forbidden to use explosive medium or choose the chemical test with explosive reaction. Please note that in case of explosive reaction, the reactor will be damaged before the rupture disk bursts in time.

 8.請注意，允許的工作壓力應(yīng)低于70%的防爆片的爆破壓力，而不要大于或等于防爆片的爆破壓力。巖征是根據(jù)用戶要求的工作壓力選擇防爆片的爆破壓力的。當容器壓力 超過用戶要求的工作壓力時防爆片就會破裂。

Please note that the maximum working pressure shall be less than 70% of the burst pressure of the rupture disk, not greater than or equal to the burst pressure of the rupture disk. Yanzheng selects the burst pressure according to the working pressure required by the user. When the pressure of the reactor exceeds such working pressure, the rupture disk will burst.

 9.有18中基團會引起爆炸反應(yīng)：

9. There are 18 chemical groups to cause the explosive reaction:

·乙炔化物-Acetylide

·氧化銨-Amine Qxide

·疊氮化物-Azide

·氯酸鹽-Chlorate

·重氨基-Diazo

·重鹽-Diazonium

·次石鹽-Hypohalite

·硝酸鹽-Nitrate

·亞硝酸鹽-Nitrite

·含硝基的化合物-Nitro

·Nitrozo

·臭氧化物-Qzonide

·雷酸鹽-Fuiminate

·高酸-Peracid

·N-胺鹵化物N-Haloamine

·過氯酸鹽-Per chlorate

·過氧化氫物-Hydroperoxide

·過氧化氫-peroxide

 10.在開始使用高壓容器前必需考慮到以下問題：

User must consider the following questions before using the high pressure reactor:

 你從事的化學反應(yīng)是否為放熱反應(yīng)?反應(yīng)過程中如果產(chǎn)生大量的熱則會突然劇烈的升高容器內(nèi)的壓力，使容器發(fā)生破壞。

Is the chemical reaction you are doing in is exothermic? If a large amount of heat is generated during the reaction, the pressure in the reactor will be suddenly and violently increased to damage the reactor.

你從事的化學反應(yīng)會有什么副產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)生？它們有什么特性（易燃，易爆，有毒等等）？

What by-products will be produced during the reaction? What are their characteristics (flammable, explosive, toxic, etc)?

過程中會產(chǎn)生多大的溫度和壓力？

What is the maximum temperature and pressure produced during the reaction?

你從事的化學反應(yīng)在什么條件下（什么樣的溫度，壓力，催化劑作用下）會產(chǎn)生失控現(xiàn)象?

Under what conditions (temperature, pressure or catalyst) will the chemical reaction be out of control?

對于具有高度活性的化合物，如乙炔-acetylene，丁二烯-butadiene，二氧雜環(huán)乙烷-dioxane，乙烯氧化物-ethylene oxide，氧氣-oxygen和其他一切強氧化劑，操作時必需特別小心。

Special care must be taken to deal with highly active compounds such as acetylene, butadiene, dioxane, ethylene oxide, oxygen and other strong oxidants.

對任何會突然釋放大量熱量的試驗，對會產(chǎn)生爆炸性副產(chǎn)品或終產(chǎn)品的試驗也要特別小心。

Special care must be taken for any test that will suddenly release a large amount of heat and which may produce explosive by-products/final products.

如果你用新的或性能不清楚的材料做試驗，建議你先用少量的試驗劑做初步試驗，以了解其性能和試驗過程中可能產(chǎn)生的問題。

If you use new or unclear materials for the test, it is recommended to conduct the preliminary test with a small amount of reagent to understand their properties and possible problems during the test.

 11.實驗室必需通風良好，反應(yīng)容器要放在實驗室的排風罩或排風口附近。必要時，尤其是有可燃或有毒氣體產(chǎn)生的可能時，要增加裝置將排出的氣體導室外。必要時要使用 防護墻以保證試驗的安全，此時注意到應(yīng)該使用鋼筋水泥做防護墻，不能用玻璃或鋼化玻璃做防護墻。

The laboratory must be well ventilated and the reactor shall be placed near the exhaust hood or air outlet. When necessary, especially when it is possible to produce flammable or toxic gas, more ventilation devices shall be provided to remove the gas outside. If necessary, the protective wall shall be used to ensure the safety of the test. Please note that reinforced cement, rather than glass or reinforced glass, shall be used for the protective wall.

 12.試驗室請不要靠近容器的頂部，因為在防爆片破裂時會釋放出大量的過熱蒸汽，易燃或有毒氣體，產(chǎn)生巨大的噪聲，傷害人體和破壞聽覺。如有這種現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的可能時，則 要用管子將防爆片的出口連到室外，并采取保護耳膜的措施。

The laboratory shall not be close to the top of the reactor, because a large amount of superheated steam, flammable or toxic gas will be released when the rupture disk bursts, which will also produce huge noise to harm human body and damage hearing. In that case, the outlet of the rupture disk shall be connected to the outdoor or take measures to protect the eardrum.

 13.試驗中如有可能產(chǎn)生易燃，易爆氣體，所有的電器裝備必需采取防爆措施。應(yīng)將防爆的電器總閘設(shè)在室外。

If flammable and explosive gas is produced during the test, explosion-proof measures must be taken for all electrical appliances. The explosion-proof main switch shall be placed outdoors.

 14.一般試驗材料的裝載量不得超過容器體積的三分之二，因為有些介質(zhì)（譬如水）在高溫下體積會膨脹三倍以上，是壓力突然升高，超過允許的壓力極限。建議盡量用小的裝 載量進行試驗。

Generally, the amount of test materials shall not exceed 2/3 of the reactor volume, because some media (e.g. water) will expand more than three times at high temperature to suddenly raise the pressure and exceed the permitted pressure limit. It is recommended to carry out the test with a small amount.

 15.建議不要使用很高的工作溫度或壓力進行試驗，因為在實驗過程中由于化學反應(yīng)，容器的溫度和壓力都會進一步升高，大到不能允許的程度。

It is recommended not to use the maximum working temperature/pressure for the test, because the temperature and pressure of the reactor will further increase to an unacceptable level due to chemical reaction.

 16.不要用砂紙打磨、清理容器。這會降低容器的承壓能力。

Do not use sandpaper to polish or clean the reactor as it will reduce the pressure bearing capacity of the reactor.

 17.應(yīng)該均勻地，逐步地用規(guī)定的力矩擰緊容器的密封螺帽，使各個螺栓達到一樣的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)。不要一下子擰緊某些螺帽，然后再擰緊其他螺帽。這樣被先擰緊的螺栓中的應(yīng) 力會大大高于其他螺栓，是螺紋產(chǎn)生變形。螺帽不要擰得過緊或過松。過松會導致密封壓力不夠，產(chǎn)生漏氣。過緊會使螺栓過載，甚損壞。

It is necessary to tighten the sealing nuts of the reactor evenly and gradually with the specified torque, so that all bolts bear the same stress. Do not tighten some nuts at first and then others. In that case, the stress of the bolts tightened first will be much higher than that of others. It will cause deformation of the thread. Do not over tighten or loosen the nuts. Too loose will lead to insufficient sealing pressure and leakage while over tightening will overload or damage the bolts.

 18.新容器做試驗時可用50%裝載量的蒸餾水，加溫到150℃，以檢驗容器的密封情況和各控制系統(tǒng)的運行情況。

When new reactor is used, the distilled water (50%) can be heated to 150℃ to check the sealing of the reactor and the operation of each control system.

 19.實驗前，檢查墊圈的狀態(tài)，如損壞，需及時更換；如發(fā)現(xiàn)起了毛邊，用小刀輕輕刮去。

Check the washer before the test. Replace in time if it is damaged. If burr occurs, remove it gently with a knife.