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簡述Elisa試驗與操作使用

時間:2011/9/26閱讀:1300
分享:

     Elisa試驗是一種敏感性高,特異性強,重復性好的實驗診斷方法。由于其試劑穩(wěn)定、易保存,操作簡便,結果判斷較客觀等因素,已廣泛應用在免疫學檢驗的各領域中。ELISA檢測試劑盒是用于體外定性檢測人血清或血漿中的抗人類戊型肝炎(HEV)病毒 IgM 抗體ELISA檢測。

      ELISA的基礎是抗原或抗體的固相化及抗原或抗體的酶標記。結合在固相載體表面的抗原或抗體仍保持其免疫學活性,酶標記的抗原或抗體既保留其免疫學活性,又保留酶的活性。在測定時,受檢標本(測定其中的抗體或抗原)與固相載體表面的抗原或抗體起反應。用洗滌的方法使固相載體上形成的抗原抗體復合物與液體中的其他物質分開。再加入酶標記的抗原或抗體,也通過反應而結合在固相載體上。此時固相上的酶量與標本中受檢物質的量呈一定的比例。加入酶反應的底物后,底物被酶催化成為有色產物,產物的量與標本中受檢物質的量直接相關,故可根據(jù)呈色的深淺進行定性或定量分析。由于酶的催化效率很高,間接地放大了免疫反應的結果,使測定方法達到很高的敏感度。 ELISA可用于測定抗原,也可用于測定抗體。  
然而,影響Elisa試驗結果的因素很多,故加強各個環(huán)節(jié)的質量保證才能充分發(fā)揮其方法學的優(yōu)點。
 

操作注意事項:
1. 試劑應按標簽說明書儲存,使用前恢復到室溫。稀稀過后的標準品應丟棄,不可保存。           2. 實驗中不用的板條應立即放回包裝袋中,密封保存,以免變質。                                                3. 不用的其它試劑應包裝好或蓋好。不同批號的試劑不要混用。保質前使用。                            4. 使用一次性的吸頭以免交叉污染,吸取終止液和底物A、B液時,避免使用帶金屬部分的加樣器。   5. 使用干凈的塑料容器配置洗滌液。使用前充分混勻試劑盒里的各種成份及樣品。                    6. 洗滌酶標板時應充分拍干,不要將吸水紙直接放入酶標反應孔中吸水。                                   7. 底物A應揮發(fā),避免長時間打開蓋子。底物B對光敏感,避免長時間暴露于光下。避免用手接觸,有毒。實驗完成后應立即讀取OD值。                                                                                                     8. 加入試劑的順序應一致,以保證所有反應板孔溫育的時間一樣。                                                9. 按照說明書中標明的時間、加液的量及順序進行溫育操作。

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